Gilashin Superalloys

Gilashin Superalloys

(1) Ana iya raba halayen brazing superalloys zuwa rukuni uku: tushen nickel, tushen ƙarfe da tushen cobalt. Suna da kyawawan halayen injiniya, juriya ga iskar shaka da juriya ga tsatsa a yanayin zafi mai yawa. An fi amfani da ƙarfen tushen nickel a aikace.

Superalloy ya ƙunshi ƙarin Cr, kuma fim ɗin oxide na Cr2O3 wanda yake da wahalar cirewa yana samuwa a saman yayin dumama. Superalloys na tushen nickel sun ƙunshi Al da Ti, waɗanda suke da sauƙin oxidize lokacin dumama. Saboda haka, don hana ko rage oxidation na superalloys yayin dumama da kuma cire fim ɗin oxide shine babban matsalar yayin brazing. Ganin cewa borax ko boric acid a cikin kwararar na iya haifar da tsatsa na ƙarfen tushe a zafin brazing, boron da ke fitowa bayan amsawar na iya shiga cikin ƙarfen tushe, wanda ke haifar da shigar intergranular. Ga ƙarfen tushe na nickel da aka jefa tare da babban abun ciki na Al da Ti, matakin injin a cikin yanayin zafi bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 10-2 ~ 10-3pa ba yayin brazing don guje wa oxidation akan saman alloy yayin dumama.

Domin ƙarfafa sinadarin da aka ƙarfafa da kuma ƙarfafa ruwan sama, ya kamata zafin injin ya kasance daidai da zafin dumama maganin maganin don tabbatar da cikakken narkewar abubuwan da aka haɗa. Zafin injin da aka haɗa ya yi ƙasa sosai, kuma ba za a iya narkar da abubuwan da aka haɗa gaba ɗaya ba; Idan zafin injin da aka haɗa ya yi yawa, ƙwayar ƙarfe za ta yi girma, kuma ba za a dawo da kaddarorin kayan ba ko da bayan an yi amfani da zafi. Zafin sinadarin da aka haɗa ya yi ƙarfi, wanda gabaɗaya ba zai shafi kaddarorin kayan ba saboda yawan zafin injin da aka haɗa.

Wasu ƙarfe masu ƙarfi na nickel, musamman ƙarfe masu ƙarfi na hazo, suna da yanayin fashewa na damuwa. Kafin a yi amfani da ƙarfe, dole ne a cire damuwar da ke tattare a cikin aikin gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kamata a rage damuwar zafi yayin yin amfani da ƙarfe.

(2) Ana iya yin amfani da ƙarfe mai tushe na nickel da tushen azurfa, jan ƙarfe mai tsarki, tushen nickel da kuma ƙarfe mai aiki. Idan zafin aiki na haɗin gwiwa bai yi yawa ba, ana iya amfani da kayan da aka yi amfani da azurfa. Akwai nau'ikan ƙarfe masu tushe na azurfa da yawa. Domin rage damuwa a ciki yayin dumama ƙarfe, ya fi kyau a zaɓi ƙarfe mai ƙarancin zafin narkewa. Ana iya amfani da ƙarfe mai tushe na azurfa don yin amfani da ƙarfe mai cike tushen azurfa. Ana amfani da ƙarfe mai tushe na Fb102 don yin amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na superalloy tare da mafi girman abun ciki na aluminum, kuma ana ƙara 10% ~ 20% sodium silicate ko aluminum flux (kamar fb201). Lokacin da zafin ƙarfe ya wuce 900 ℃, za a zaɓi ƙarfe mai tushe na fb105.

Lokacin da ake yin amfani da jan ƙarfe a cikin injin daskarewa ko kuma a cikin yanayi mai kariya, ana iya amfani da jan ƙarfe mai tsarki azaman ƙarfe mai cika ƙarfe. Zafin jan ƙarfe shine 1100 ~ 1150 ℃, kuma haɗin ba zai haifar da fashewar damuwa ba, amma zafin aiki bai kamata ya wuce 400 ℃ ba.

Karfe mai cike da ƙarfe na nickel shine ƙarfen cika da aka fi amfani da shi a Superalloys saboda kyakkyawan aikin zafin jiki mai kyau da kuma rashin fashewa yayin yin ƙarfe. Babban abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfen nickel sune Cr, Si, B, kuma ƙaramin adadin mai cike da ƙarfe yana ɗauke da Fe, W, da sauransu. Idan aka kwatanta da ni-cr-si-b, ƙarfen cika da ƙarfe na b-ni68crwb na iya rage shigar B cikin ƙarfen tushe da kuma ƙara tazara zafin narkewa. Karfe ne mai cike da ƙarfe don yin ƙarfe da sassan aiki masu zafi da ruwan turbine. Duk da haka, ruwan da ke cikin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da W yana ƙara muni kuma gibin haɗin gwiwa yana da wahalar sarrafawa.

Karfe mai cike da injin cikawa na watsawa ba ya ƙunshe da sinadarin Si kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga iskar shaka da kuma juriya ga vulcanization. Zafin brazing ɗin za a iya zaɓarsa daga 1150 ℃ zuwa 1218 ℃ bisa ga nau'in solder. Bayan brazing, ana iya samun haɗin brazing mai irin wannan siffa kamar ƙarfen tushe bayan maganin yaɗuwa na 1066 ℃.

(3) Tsarin ƙarfe mai tushe na nickel zai iya ɗaukar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi a cikin tanderu mai kariya, injin tsabtace iska da haɗin ruwa mai wucewa. Kafin a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai laushi, dole ne a cire saman a cire shi daga iskar oxygen ta hanyar goge takarda mai yashi, goge ƙafafun ji, goge acetone da tsaftace sinadarai. Lokacin zaɓar sigogin tsarin ƙarfe, ya kamata a lura cewa zafin jiki bai kamata ya yi yawa ba kuma lokacin ƙarfe ya kamata ya yi gajere don guje wa tasirin sinadarai mai ƙarfi tsakanin kwararar ruwa da ƙarfe na tushe. Domin hana fashewar ƙarfe na tushe, dole ne a rage matsin lamba kafin a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai tushe, kuma dumama walda ya zama iri ɗaya gwargwadon iko. Don ƙarin ƙarfin hazo, sassan za su kasance ƙarƙashin maganin mafita mai ƙarfi da farko, sannan a yi amfani da su a zafin da ya fi ƙarfin maganin ƙarfafa tsufa, sannan a ƙarshe a yi amfani da su a maganin tsufa.

1) Yin amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin yanayi mai kariya, yin amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin yanayi mai kariya, yana buƙatar cikakken tsarkin iskar gas mai kariya. Ga manyan alloys masu w (AL) da w (TI) ƙasa da 0.5%, wurin raɓa zai kasance ƙasa da -54 ℃ lokacin da ake amfani da hydrogen ko argon. Lokacin da abun ciki na Al da Ti ya ƙaru, saman ƙarfe har yanzu yana yin oxidize lokacin da aka yi zafi. Dole ne a ɗauki matakan masu zuwa; Ƙara ƙaramin adadin ruwa (kamar fb105) kuma cire fim ɗin oxide tare da flux; an rufe murfin kauri 0.025 ~ 0.038mm a saman sassan; Fesa solder a saman kayan da za a yi amfani da shi a gaba; Ƙara ƙaramin adadin iskar gas, kamar boron trifluoride.

2) Ana amfani da injin gyaran injin gyaran injin gyaran injin don samun ingantaccen kariya da ingancin gyaran injin. Duba tebur na 15 don halayen injina na haɗin superalloy na tushen nickel na yau da kullun. Ga masu ƙarfin lantarki tare da w (AL) da w (TI) ƙasa da 4%, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da layin nickel na 0.01 ~ 0.015mm a saman, kodayake ana iya tabbatar da jikawar mai solder ba tare da magani na musamman ba. Lokacin da w (AL) da w (TI) suka wuce 4%, kauri na murfin nickel zai zama 0.020.03mm. Rufin siriri ba shi da wani tasiri na kariya, kuma rufin da ya yi kauri zai rage ƙarfin haɗin. Hakanan ana iya sanya sassan da za a haɗa a cikin akwatin don gyaran injin. Ya kamata a cika akwatin da getter. Misali, Zr yana shan iskar gas a babban zafin jiki, wanda zai iya samar da injin tsabtace gida a cikin akwatin, don haka yana hana iskar shaka ta saman ƙarfe.

Tebur 15 kaddarorin injiniya na Haɗin Brazed na Vacuum na superalloys na tushen nickel na yau da kullun

Tsarin da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi na Superalloy yana canzawa tare da gibin brazing, kuma maganin warwatsewa bayan brazing zai ƙara ƙara ƙimar da aka yarda da ita na gibin haɗin gwiwa. Idan aka ɗauki misalin alloy na Inconel, matsakaicin gibin haɗin gwiwa na Inconel da aka brazing da b-ni82crsib zai iya kaiwa 90um bayan maganin warwatsewa a 1000 ℃ na 1H; Duk da haka, ga haɗin gwiwa da aka brazing da b-ni71crsib, matsakaicin gibin shine kusan 50um bayan maganin warwatsewa a 1000 ℃ na 1H.

3) Haɗin lokaci na ruwa mai wucewa Haɗin lokaci na ruwa mai wucewa yana amfani da ƙarfe mai layi (kimanin kauri 2.5 ~ 100um) wanda wurin narkewarsa ya yi ƙasa da ƙarfe mai tushe a matsayin ƙarfe mai cikawa. A ƙarƙashin ƙaramin matsin lamba (0 ~ 0.007mpa) da zafin jiki mai dacewa (1100 ~ 1250 ℃), kayan da ke tsakanin layukan farko yana narkewa kuma yana jiƙa ƙarfen tushe. Saboda saurin yaɗuwar abubuwa, ƙarfafawar isothermal yana faruwa a haɗin don samar da haɗin. Wannan hanyar tana rage buƙatun daidaitawa na saman ƙarfe na tushe sosai kuma tana rage matsin lamba na walda. Babban sigogi na haɗin lokaci na ruwa mai wucewa sune matsin lamba, zafin jiki, lokacin riƙewa da abun da ke cikin layukan. Sanya ƙarancin matsi don kiyaye saman haɗin walda yana cikin kyakkyawar hulɗa. Zafin zafi da lokaci suna da babban tasiri akan aikin haɗin. Idan haɗin yana buƙatar ya yi ƙarfi kamar ƙarfen tushe kuma bai shafi aikin ƙarfen tushe ba, za a ɗauki sigogin tsarin haɗin zafi mai yawa (kamar ≥ 1150 ℃) da kuma dogon lokaci (kamar 8 ~ 24h); Idan ingancin haɗin haɗin ya ragu ko kuma ƙarfen tushe ba zai iya jure zafi mai yawa ba, za a yi amfani da ƙaramin zafin jiki (1100 ~ 1150 ℃) da ɗan gajeren lokaci (1 ~ 8h). Tsarin tsakiya zai ɗauki haɗin ƙarfen tushe da aka haɗa a matsayin babban abun ciki, sannan a ƙara abubuwa daban-daban masu sanyaya, kamar B, Si, Mn, Nb, da sauransu. Misali, abun da ke cikin ƙarfen Udimet shine ni-15cr-18.5co-4.3al-3.3ti-5mo, kuma abun da ke cikin Layer na tsakiya don haɗin lokaci na ruwa mai wucewa shine b-ni62.5cr15co15mo5b2.5. Duk waɗannan abubuwan na iya rage zafin narkewar ƙarfe na Ni Cr ko Ni Cr Co zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci, amma tasirin B shine mafi bayyane. Bugu da ƙari, yawan yaɗuwar B na iya daidaita ƙarfe mai faɗi da ƙarfe mai tushe cikin sauri.