Yin amfani da yumbu da ƙarfe

1. Ƙarfin yin amfani da ƙarfi

Yana da wuya a yi amfani da kayan aikin yumbu da yumbu, yumbu da ƙarfe. Yawancin kayan aikin solder suna samar da ƙwallo a saman yumbu, ba tare da jika ko kaɗan ba. Karfe mai cike da yumbu wanda zai iya jika yumbu yana da sauƙin samar da nau'ikan mahaɗan masu rauni (kamar carbide, silicide da mahaɗan ternary ko multivariate) a mahaɗin haɗin gwiwa yayin brazing. Kasancewar waɗannan mahaɗan yana shafar halayen injiniya na haɗin gwiwa. Bugu da ƙari, saboda babban bambancin ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi tsakanin yumbu, ƙarfe da solder, za a sami damuwa a cikin haɗin gwiwa bayan an sanyaya zafin brazing zuwa zafin ɗaki, wanda zai iya haifar da tsagewar haɗin gwiwa.

Ana iya inganta danshi na solder akan saman yumbu ta hanyar ƙara abubuwan ƙarfe masu aiki a cikin solder na gama gari; Ƙananan zafin jiki da ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya rage tasirin amsawar haɗin gwiwa; Ana iya rage damuwa ta zafi na haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar tsara nau'in haɗin gwiwa mai dacewa da amfani da ƙarfe ɗaya ko mai layuka da yawa azaman matakin matsakaici.

2. Mai haɗa kayan

Yawanci ana haɗa yumbu da ƙarfe a cikin tanderun injin ko kuma tanderun hydrogen da argon. Baya ga halaye na gabaɗaya, ƙarfen cikawa na injin don na'urorin lantarki na injin ya kamata su kasance suna da wasu buƙatu na musamman. Misali, injin ɗin bai kamata ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ke haifar da matsin lamba mai yawa ba, don kada ya haifar da zubar dielectric da gubar cathode na na'urori. Gabaɗaya an ƙayyade cewa lokacin da na'urar ke aiki, matsin lamba na injin ɗin bai kamata ya wuce 10-3pa ba, kuma ƙazanta mai ƙarfi na matsin lamba da ke cikinsa ba zai wuce 0.002% ~ 0.005% ba; w (o) na injin ɗin bai kamata ya wuce 0.001% ba, don guje wa tururin ruwa da ake samarwa yayin yin amfani da hydrogen, wanda zai iya haifar da fesa ƙarfen ƙarfe mai narkewa; Bugu da ƙari, injin ɗin dole ne ya kasance mai tsabta kuma ba shi da oxides na saman.

Lokacin yin brazing bayan ƙarfe na yumbu, ana iya amfani da jan ƙarfe, tushe, jan ƙarfe na azurfa, jan ƙarfe na zinariya da sauran ƙarfe masu cika ƙarfe.

Don yin amfani da ƙarfe kai tsaye na yumbu da ƙarfe, za a zaɓi ƙarfen cikawa na brazing wanda ke ɗauke da abubuwa masu aiki Ti da Zr. Karfe biyu na cikawa sune Ti Cu da Ti Ni, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a 1100 ℃. Daga cikin ƙarfen da ke amfani da ƙarfe na ternary, Ag Cu Ti (W) (TI) shine mafi yawan solder da ake amfani da shi, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don yin amfani da ƙarfe kai tsaye na yumbu da ƙarfe daban-daban. Ana iya amfani da ƙarfen cikawa na ternary ta hanyar foil, foda ko ƙarfen cikawa na Ag Cu eutectic tare da foda Ti. ƙarfen cikawa na B-ti49be2 yana da juriyar tsatsa iri ɗaya ga bakin ƙarfe da ƙarancin matsin tururi. Ana iya zaɓar shi a cikin haɗin hatimin injin tare da juriyar oxidation da zubewa. A cikin solder na ti-v-cr, zafin narkewa shine mafi ƙanƙanta (1620 ℃) ​​lokacin da w (V) yake 30%, kuma ƙara Cr na iya rage yanayin zafin narkewa yadda ya kamata. An yi amfani da na'urar solder B-ti47.5ta5 ba tare da Cr ba don yin amfani da ƙarfe kai tsaye na alumina da magnesium oxide, kuma haɗinsa na iya aiki a yanayin zafi na 1000 ℃. Tebur na 14 yana nuna kwararar aiki don haɗin kai tsaye tsakanin yumbu da ƙarfe.

Tebur 14 ƙarfe masu aiki na cika ƙarfe don ƙarfafa ƙarfe da yumbu

2. Fasahar yin amfani da injin gasawa

Ana iya yin amfani da injinan ƙarfe na ƙarfe a cikin iskar gas mai tsabta, hydrogen ko muhallin injin tsabtace iska. Ana amfani da injin tsabtace iska don yin amfani da injin tsabtace iska kai tsaye ba tare da yin amfani da ƙarfe ba.

(1) Tsarin ƙarfafawa na duniya, tsarin ƙarfafawa na yumbu da ƙarfe na duniya za a iya raba shi zuwa matakai bakwai: tsaftace saman, shafa manna, ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfe na saman yumbu, plating nickel, brazing da duba bayan walda.

Manufar tsaftace saman shine a cire tabon mai, tabon gumi da fim ɗin oxide a saman ƙarfen tushe. Za a fara cire sassan ƙarfe da solder ɗin, sannan a cire fim ɗin oxide ta hanyar wanke acid ko alkali, a wanke da ruwa mai gudana sannan a busar da shi. Za a yi wa sassan da ke da babban buƙata magani a cikin tanda mai zafi ko tanderun hydrogen (ana iya amfani da hanyar bama-bamai ta ion) a zafin jiki da lokacin da ya dace don tsarkake saman sassan. Sassan da aka tsaftace ba za su taɓa abubuwa masu mai ko hannaye marasa komai ba. Za a saka su nan da nan a cikin tsari na gaba ko a cikin na'urar busarwa. Ba za a fallasa su ga iska na dogon lokaci ba. Za a tsaftace sassan yumbu da acetone da ultrasonic, a wanke da ruwa mai gudana, sannan a dafa su sau biyu da ruwan da aka narkar na tsawon mintuna 15 a kowane lokaci.

Rufin manna muhimmin tsari ne na ƙara ƙarfe na yumbu. A lokacin shafa, ana shafa shi a saman yumbu don a ƙara ƙarfe da injin shafa goga ko manna. Kauri na shafa gabaɗaya shine 30 ~ 60mm. Ana yin manna ɗin ne daga foda na ƙarfe mai tsabta (wani lokacin ana ƙara oxide na ƙarfe mai dacewa) tare da girman barbashi na kimanin 1 ~ 5um da manne na halitta.

Ana aika sassan yumbu da aka manna zuwa tanderun hydrogen sannan a shafa musu hydrogen mai jika ko ammonia mai fashewa a zafin 1300 ~ 1500 ℃ na tsawon minti 30 ~ 60. Ga sassan yumbu da aka shafa da hydrides, za a dumama su zuwa kimanin 900 ℃ don su lalata hydrides ɗin sannan su yi aiki da ƙarfe mai tsarki ko titanium (ko zirconium) da suka rage a saman yumbu don samun rufin ƙarfe a saman yumbu.

Don yin amfani da layin ƙarfe na Mo Mn, domin ya jike da solder, dole ne a yi amfani da layin nickel na 1.4 ~ 5um ko a shafa shi da wani Layer na foda na nickel. Idan zafin brazing ɗin ya yi ƙasa da 1000 ℃, dole ne a riga an narkar da layin nickel a cikin tanderu na hydrogen. Zafin sintering da lokacin sintering ɗin su ne 1000 ℃ /15 ~ 20 min.

Tukwanen da aka yi wa magani sassan ƙarfe ne, waɗanda za a haɗa su gaba ɗaya da ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe ko graphite da molds na yumbu. Za a sanya solder a wuraren haɗin gwiwa, kuma za a kiyaye aikin a tsaftace shi a duk lokacin aikin, kuma hannuwa ba za su taɓa shi ba.

Za a yi aikin gyaran ƙarfe a cikin tanderun argon, hydrogen ko injin tururi. Zafin aikin gyaran ƙarfe ya dogara da ƙarfen cika ƙarfe. Domin hana fashewar sassan yumbu, saurin sanyaya ba zai yi sauri ba. Bugu da ƙari, gyaran ƙarfe na iya haifar da wani matsin lamba (kimanin 0.49 ~ 0.98mpa).

Baya ga duba ingancin saman, walda da aka yi wa braced za su kasance ƙarƙashin girgizar zafi da kuma duba kadarorin injiniya. Dole ne sassan rufewa na na'urorin injin su kasance ƙarƙashin gwajin zubewa bisa ga ƙa'idodi masu dacewa.

(2) Yin amfani da injinan gyaran gashi kai tsaye lokacin da ake yin amfani da injinan gyaran gashi kai tsaye (hanyar ƙarfe mai aiki), da farko tsaftace saman walda na yumbu da ƙarfe, sannan a haɗa su. Domin guje wa tsagewa da ke faruwa sakamakon bambancin ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi na kayan haɗin, ana iya juya layin ma'aunin ...

Idan ana amfani da solder Ag Cu Ti don yin solder kai tsaye, za a yi amfani da hanyar solder ta injin tsotsar iska. Lokacin da matakin injin tsotsar iska a cikin tanda ya kai 2.7 × Fara dumamawa a 10-3pa, kuma zafin jiki zai iya tashi da sauri a wannan lokacin; Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kusa da wurin narkewar solder, ya kamata a ɗaga zafin a hankali don sa zafin dukkan sassan walda ya zama iri ɗaya; Lokacin da solder ya narke, za a ɗaga zafin zuwa zafin injin tsotsar iska cikin sauri, kuma lokacin riƙewa zai kasance minti 3 ~ 5; A lokacin sanyaya, za a sanyaya shi a hankali kafin 700 ℃, kuma za a iya sanyaya shi ta halitta tare da tanda bayan 700 ℃.

Idan aka yi wa solder mai aiki na Ti Cu blending kai tsaye, ana iya amfani da foil ɗin Cu da foda na Ti ko sassan Cu da foil ɗin Ti, ko kuma a shafa saman yumbu da foda na Ti da foil ɗin Cu. Kafin a yi wa soldering, za a cire dukkan sassan ƙarfe ta hanyar injin tsabtace iska. Zafin cire gas ɗin jan ƙarfe mara iskar oxygen zai kasance 750 ~ 800 ℃, kuma za a cire gas ɗin Ti, Nb, Ta, da sauransu a 900 ℃ na tsawon minti 15. A wannan lokacin, zafin injin tsabtace iskar bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 6.7 × 10-3Pa ba. A lokacin yin soldering, a haɗa abubuwan da za a haɗa a cikin kayan aikin, a dumama su a cikin tanda mai tsabtar iskar gas zuwa 900 ~ 1120 ℃, kuma lokacin riƙewa shine minti 2 ~ 5. A duk lokacin aikin soldering, matakin injin tsabtace iskar ba zai zama ƙasa da 6.7 × 10-3Pa ba.

Tsarin brazing na hanyar Ti Ni yayi kama da na Ti Cu hanyar, kuma zafin brazing shine 900 ± 10 ℃.

(3) Hanyar ƙarfafa ƙarfe ta oxide Hanyar ƙarfafa ƙarfe ta oxide hanya ce ta samun ingantacciyar haɗi ta amfani da matakin gilashi da aka samar ta hanyar narkewar oxide solder don shiga cikin yumbu da kuma jika saman ƙarfe. Tana iya haɗa yumbu da yumbu da yumbu da ƙarfe. Karfe masu cika ƙarfe na oxide sun ƙunshi Al2O3, Cao, Bao da MgO. Ta hanyar ƙara B2O3, Y2O3 da ta2o3, ana iya samun ƙarfe masu cika ƙarfe masu wuraren narkewa daban-daban da kuma ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da ƙarfe masu cika ƙarfe na fluoride tare da CaF2 da NaF a matsayin manyan abubuwan haɗin don haɗa yumbu da ƙarfe don samun haɗin gwiwa masu ƙarfi da juriya mai zafi.